A heat pump is an electric heating and cooling system that moves heat rather than generating it. In cooling mode it works like a central air conditioner; in heating mode a reversing valve sends refrigerant the other way, extracting heat from outdoor air and releasing it indoors. It typically delivers two to three units of heat per unit of electricity.
Why it matters to you
One outdoor unit handles both heating and cooling, so its condition matters year-round. At two to three units of heat per unit of electricity, it needs about 50–67% less electricity than electric resistance heat for the same warmth (1 − 1/2 to 1 − 1/3).
Practical guidance
Keep the outdoor unit clear of snow, leaves and plants, and expect brief winter pauses for defrost, which can release steam. Heat pump repairs are covered only on the Whole Home Repair plan; the HVAC Maintenance plan covers tune-ups only.